TOPIC A

With the United Nations marking its seventy-six anniversary in 2021, it is time for Member States to consider reforming the Security Council to make it more representative and more effective. The Council needs transparent rules and procedures for invoking Chapter VI on the Pacific settlement of disputes and Chapter VII on action regarding threats to peace, breaches of peace and acts of aggression. Political considerations could lead to selective and inappropriate application of the rules if Council resolutions are not clear and consistent.
Several United Nations Delegates urged Member States to collectively reflect on the decision-making process in the Council, saying that ongoing divisions and conflicts of interpretation of the Charter of the United Nations have undermined the organ’s credibility and ability to respond to crises.

 Maintenance of international peace and security: Upholding the United Nations Charter

TOPIC B

From Palestine and Somaliland to Taiwan, there are several disputed lands that formed because of conflict and do not fit neatly into the established global order. It's time we stepped out of the outdated paradigm, the expectation that they are about to collapse. Despite many differences in history and geography, these stateless have all survived as self-governing entities for more than a quarter of a century and look set to endure for the foreseeable future. They show few signs that they are about to be folded back into the “parent states' of which the world regards them as being a du jour part, respectively Georgia, Moldova, and the Republic of Cyprus. (The Russian-backed breakaway territories of eastern Ukraine have not shown the same capacity for endurance and may yet fall back under Ukrainian government control.)

Considering Solutions to the Security Risks of De Facto Independent Territories